共享滑板車大戰將在舊金山上演
一股全新的出行浪潮正在席卷湾区。
那就是(共享)电动滑板车。
从旧金山到圣何塞,从伯克利到奥克兰,甚至远到南加的圣塔莫妮卡,电动滑板车已经进驻了每一条大街小巷。
一推即倒的它们,靠在花坛和自行车架上,用高音量的警报声吸引着你的注意力。
你对它们挤占道路深恶痛绝,但午饭那家参观门口没车位,每天从 Caltrain 走到公司已经磨破了脚……
一元就走的电动滑板车,实在吸引力不小。
于是,你决定去超市买个最便宜的头盔,在手机 app 上充点钱。终于,你也成为湾区滑板一族了。
如果 Caltrain、BART 和共享汽车解决了交通中的大部分问题的话,那么电动滑板车就像当年的共享单车一样,是来解决“最后一公里”的。
然而在地势起伏的旧金山,并不是所有人都能把自行车蹬上山,还不湿衬衫、不花妆。况且,蹬车多累,踩着滑板车飘过 Market St.,多潇洒啊。
对于过去每天要在市内开车、走路的人士,共享电动滑板车确实是个不错的主意。不用自己充电,如果不是天天骑的话,一年车费也不到一台电动滑板车的零售价。
目前,旧金山湾区一共有三家公司正在做这门共享生意:Bird、SPIN 和 Lime。其中 Bird 只做电动滑板车,后两家则是照搬的国内摩拜和 Ofo,最一开始做的也是共享单车。
肉眼观察,这三家公司在湾区目前实力相当,没有哪家公司的车特别多,跟摩拜和 Ofo 前几年势均力敌的感觉差不多。不过,局势很快就要变化了……
通过旧金山市府信息公开,发现在这场电动滑板车战争中,中国共享单车独角兽 Ofo、美国手机叫车巨头 Uber 和 Lyft 都已杀进战场。
截至美国时间 6 月 7 日,电动滑板车运营牌照申请的截止日,向旧金山市府提交了申请的公司如下:(先后顺序)
Bird、Spin、Lime、Ofo、Scoot、Skip (Waybots)、Lyft、Razor、Hopr (Cyclehop)、USSCooter、Jump、Ridecell
其中,Jump 为 Uber 在今年 4 月为入局共享单车/滑板车而收购的公司。
电动滑板车成为新风口的故事大概是这样的:
投资方和创业公司都觉得,中美两国之前共享出行公司太火了。如果有新的机会,都觉得越早推、推的越猛,成功的机会越大。
然而共享单车市场在美国并不大,除了比较早的城市单车,也已经被不少本地独角兽和中国出海公司占领了,没有太多想象空间。
那么在单车和汽车之间,还有哪些交通方式呢?摩托车市场也太小,而且需要专门驾照监管太严。很自然的,滑板车,特别是电助力滑板车,成为了巨资豪赌的新一个共享经济形式。
短短几个月的时间里,旧金山和湾区各地的街头出现了大量电动滑板车。紧接着发生的事情任何人都可以猜到:由于推的太猛,运营、合规跟不上,滑板车停在马路上影响了车辆交通,停在人行道上抢走了行人的路权,在给一部分人提供方便的同时,反而给更多市民带来了更大的安全隐患。
就像之前的共享单车,这些共享滑板车公司在发展自己的同时,忽视了社会责任,引起了很多市民的反感。如果说一开始乱停乱放是用户没意识的话,后来很多对电动滑板车的破坏已经变成一些人的主动行为了……
你可能认为旧金山是世界科技创新之都,硅谷的核心城市……其实市府对付起来这些科技公司也是毫不手软的。
提前预警一段时间后,在今年 5 月底,旧金山交通局直接一纸禁令,要求上述共享滑板车公司(主要是SPIN、Bird 和 Lime 三家)在 6 月 4 日之前从市区街道上撤走所有的电动滑板车,直到另有安排。
不撤走的电动车悉数拖走,市政府将对公司处以每车/天 $100 的罚款。
当然,这也不意味着共享电动滑板车就这么死了。交通局也表示,如果车想要上路和停在人行道上,科技公司必须在 6 月 7 日之前提交牌照申请,过期不候。SPIN、Bird 和 Lime 都提交了申请。
如果 Uber 和 Lyft 这两家共享汽车公司,从创办以来到现在获得了什么最重要的经验,那应该是:别在监管部门头上造次……
回想四、五年前,Uber 和 Lyft 跟今天的滑板车公司没什么不同,都是利用政府还没反应过来的时间差野蛮生长。然而监管只会迟到,不会永远缺位。没过多久,手机叫车软件在全世界的各个地方,遭遇了不同级别监管单位,以规范市场、保护乘客、保护出租车行业等为理由发起的制裁。
这些共享汽车公司,看到电动滑板车成为下一个风口,没有想法是不可能的。不过和那些创业公司相比,成熟的出行巨头会更加稳妥地行事。他们跟旧金山、加州,乃至全世界的交通部门都有打过交道,想要入场的话,等待政府开始接受牌照申请再行动,无疑是风险最低的。
今年 4 月,Uber 收购了一家名叫 Jump 的共享(电)单车公司,显露出拓展汽车之外共享业务的野心。而据科技媒体 The Information 报道,在旧金山交通局正式对电动滑板车公司发出通牒之前,Lyft 也通过咨询公司跟交通局进行了接洽,希望了解牌照申请事宜。
至于 Ofo,之前业界盛传小黄车要“黄”……电动滑板车能成为这头独角兽下一个增长点,也说不定呢。
跟这些成熟公司相比,创业公司还是要学一个啊。
然而想拿下牌照并不容易,因为交通局对持牌者的要求极高:
1)对用户进行教育,确保他们掌握车的使用方法
2)必须上保险(语言比较模糊,不确定是给公司还是给车上)
3)划定服务区域图
4)具备隐私条款,保护用户资料
5)和政府分享行程数据
6)确保低收入者也可以骑乘的方案
7)最重要的一条:解释公司将如何解决人行道行驶和停车的问题
十二家公司,交通局只给五个牌照,谁能拿到牌照 6 月底见分晓。如果还有其他不知名的公司想挤进来,希望可能不大了。在市政府下令清除之前,旧金山市内大概有 2,500 辆滑板车。交通局想在今年下半年把这个数量降低到 1,250 辆,到年底看管理试行结果,再把限额调整回 2,500。目前不确定是不是每家公司也只有 500 的配额。
不过,上述规定仅限旧金山市辖区。在湾区的其他部分,目前对电动滑板车公司还没有像旧金山这样明确和严格的限制,对这些公司也稍微友好一点。不过说到底,电动滑板车的优势还是要在都市地区,特别是地势起伏多变的旧金山才能体现出来。
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